Report On Total Diet On Healthy Eating - 1115 Words

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Position Paper Review â€Å"Total Diet Approach to Healthy Eating† Rubi Mendoza The consumption of nutrient rich foods and beverages in moderation, along with the incorporation of physical activity are the foundation of a healthy lifestyle. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (The Academy) refers to this as the total diet approach to healthy eating. This approach is based on the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The total diet is defined as, â€Å"the combination of foods and beverages that provide energy and nutrients and constitute an individual s complete dietary intake, on average, over time.†1 The total diet approach emphasizes that all foods can be included in a healthy diet, as long as they are in moderation and fall within their caloric limits. Under the total diet approach, foods should not be labeled as good or bad. Giving such label to a food tends to create a black or white thinking when it comes to eating healthy and ultimately resulting in an emphasis placed on individual foods or nutrients. When the isolation happens, this can lead to confusion in the consumer ultimately hindering, instead of facilitating healthy dietary patterns. Having this black or white approach is like same as having a quick fix or a magic bullet approach to weight control. As long as one stays on the diet (target behavior), the person feels in control (self-efficacy) and accomplishment. However, when the person isShow MoreRelatedThe Dietary Guidelines For Americans911 Words   |  4 Pagescontains recommendations for healthy food choices and physical activity for the nation. This report is updated and issued every 5 years by the Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). 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Literature provides overwhelming evidence that a vegetarian diet aids in the prevention of chronic diseases including diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, obesity and some cancer risks (Craig, 2010; Hart, 2009). Regular physical activity has also beenRead MoreThe Diet And Fitness Plan Essay1444 Words   |  6 PagesDiet and Fitness Plan The following project will contain a discussion based on diet and exercise. It will cover a two-day period of time and feature an overall assessment of physical fitness. Physical fitness is defined â€Å"as a state of physiologic well-being that is achieved through a combination of good diet, regular physical exercise, and other practices that promote good health† (The Free Dictionary.com, 2016) using the facts found in the two-day analysis, a plan designed to increase health and

Hipaa Case Study Free Essays

HIPAA Case Study Rasmussen College Author Note This research is being submitted on November 18, 2012 for Lashonda Crockett H340/HSA3422 Section 03 Regulation and Compliance in Health Care. How does HIPAA serve to protect patient rights? Answer in general terms, but then apply the question to the case study. (Who is HIPAA serving here in terms of patient rights? Explain. We will write a custom essay sample on Hipaa Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Should HIPAA be applied here at all? Why or why not? ) HIPAA is in place to protect patients and all their medical information. This was a direct violation. If they would not have mentioned names, ages or other identifying factors except for the issue at hand they would not be in violation. Since they spoke of names and other identifiers in a place where they can be overheard, the people who were referred to her for help can easily be searched and found and then be ridiculed for the issues at hand. What areas of HIPAA compliance impact the employer? This employer that employees these workers can be sued. If anyone had wanted to confront the people they spoke about, it could be a way for these individuals could lose their jobs, housing or worse. They can be charge with slander as well. This is just a horrible situation for the employer since they could have criminal charges they would have to fire these workers. Then those workers would have a hard time find another job. What actions should the ICMHA director take about the alleged HIPAA violation in the case? This would definitely be an issue of considering these employees work history to see if this has happened before. Even though the work load is heavy due to losing an employee, I would have to look into suspending these workers and do a check into their work history. There would be talks with this family and grandmother who overheard them. It would possibly come down to sending them to another place for help and paying for them to get that help. There would also be an audit should be done on the department to see if this is happening with anyone else as well as have an employee meeting to state how a new internal regulation on this matter has been made and if this does happen by anyone that termination will happen immediately. How to cite Hipaa Case Study, Free Case study samples

Case Study of Continuous Improvement Plan †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Continuous Improvement Plan. Answer: Case Study Continuous Improvement Plan The main objective of all organizations is to make profits and by extension to satisfy the needs of their stakeholders. However, in this case, the study of Latino Engineering, from the start, it was on the right track and that is why it has been afloat. But, the company has taken a nosedive since the takeover, and there are several reasons underlying the failure of this company. Businesses do not just fail, but they fail when something goes wrong, perhaps in the management, or poor quality (Limwichitr, Broady-Preston, Ellis, 2015.P.483). Therefore, this paper would examine the problem in the case study of Latino Engineering and provide a solution that the company can adopt to recover. Identifying the root causes through use of techniques and tools Use of tools and Techniques First, to identify the root causes of this problem, in this case, the first tools to be used are 7QCs tools. These tools include flow chart, check sheet, Pareto diagram, Cause-and-effect diagram, Scatter plot, histogram, and Control chart (Oakland, 2014, P.345). These quality tools are critical in identifying what exactly happened at Latino Engineering. But, in this case, study, the most desirable tools are a Pareto diagram and Cause-and-effect diagram. Pareto diagram However, in this case, study, the tool to be used is the Pareto Diagram, but still, the remaining six are equally important. This tool is used arranges item in descending order to explain how each item is contributing to a problem. The tool is used importantly in explaining and identifying a problem and also to develop a plan for an improvement (Project Management Methodologies- PPMP20009, n.d, n.p). Using this quality tool, then the root causes of the problems in this case study can be arranged in the following: Takeover- in this case, study, it is apparent that the Latino Engineering was founded and initially owned by Dominic Latino. The company was the doing well before the company was sold to an Investment group. Poor quality- It is apparent in the case study that the designs are poor and defective equipment. With poor designs, defective equipment then a customer would always not trust the company, hence triggering business failure (Oakland, 2014, P.56). Poor customer care relations- Since Dominic Latino left the company and handed it over to the management of the Investment, it is clear that customers are not properly attended to as earlier. Wrong engineering equipment is delivered to them, the team dealing with customer is not responsive and this generally makes it impossible for a customer to patronize Latino Engineering. Ideally, the takeover is a common concept in business and organizations would always carry out for several reasons. In this case study, the reason for the takeover can be termed a personal decision by Dominic Latino. It was within his right as the company owner to sell it to another person. Therefore, if a takeover is not a wrong practice, then the problem is the management that took over from Dominic Latino. Using this tool, it can be concluded that the management that took over was Dominic Latino is ill-prepared to run its activities. Hence, the Investment Group management is the root cause of the problem the company is facing today. During the reign of Dominic Latino, it is evident in the case study that the customers were happy and their needs were met. Nonetheless, since the takeover, the quality has worsened, even though the company retained some of the engineers. Perhaps, the retained engineers and the new ones are not working together as required. Or the new engineers are not qualified as presumed by the new Latino Engineering. Therefore, the root cause is the poor human resource is the reason why there is the use of faulty engineering equipment. The Investment Group should now reconsider the manpower they have to discharge their duties. There is no way competent and skilled mechanical engineers can use faulty engineering equipment, and thus the company should know that some of the employees they have are not up to the task. Also, customers are receiving wrong engineering equipment, and this clearly demonstrates the laxity in the sales and marketing department. In essence, the point is that the company need s to entirely look into the qualifications of their employees, so as to retain only those employees who are up to the task and sack those who failed in discharging their duties. It is also intelligible that the service team does not understand the need to care for customers. They are not responsive, and that in all honesty discourages new and loyal customers. From the stakeholder theory, a company is supposed to attend to the needs of its stakeholders and if all stakeholders are satisfied definitely the company shall run profitably. Unfortunately, the service team as indicated in this case does not care; hence it is another root cause of the problem. Cause-effect diagram The tool is used to show a relationship that exists between symptoms and its feasible causes. This tool is simple because what an individual has to do is simply to relate the result and what could have caused the result. In the case study, it is possible to identify the root causes of the problems the company is facing after the takeover by Investment Group. Using this tool, the focus is to know what led to the effect or result as witnessed in the case study. First and foremost, the tool asserts that equipment is needed to start a process and the process is carried out by people to bring a certain effect or result. Thus, the main problem, in this case, is the equipment and it is very clear in the case study that they were defective. Secondly, the wrong equipment affected the process; hence the process used in this case study was wrong. Also, since people or employees were involved in the process, then they are also a problem because they are the ones that allowed the use of wrong engineering equipment and used the wrong process that has resulted in loss of customers and poor quality. Also, the people who are the employees at the company work with the management, to bring results it now justifies that the management is also not doing their work as expected. In a nutshell, the tool in this used to identify the cause of the problem facing Latino Engineering. Thus, using this tool, the root causes are faulty engineering equipment, wrong process and incompetent management and employees. Plan to eliminate root Causes Lean Six Sigma This methodology can use any of the 7QC tools as mentioned above. In identifying the root causes the Pareto diagram and Cause-and-effect diagram were used and using these tools lean Six Sigma can be applied to reduce the root causes of the problems Latino Engineering is facing (Arnheiter, Maleyeff, 2005, P.6). Basically, lean six sigma can be applied by any company like Latino Engineering to decrease waste, rid of actions not adding value to the company and also reducing time wastage (Chadha, 2017, p.40) Lean Six Sigma are a set of methods that companies can apply to any manufacturing, transactional or service process to reduce waste, eliminate non-value-added actions and cut time. Combining "Lean" with "Six Sigma" can produce a program that brings both short-term results through the power of Lean, and long-term change through the power of Six Sigma (Salah, S., Rahim, Carretero, 2010, p78). It is for this reason that many companies are turning to a combined Lean and Six Sigma effort. Ideally, separately lean is about a quick action that can be taken to correct a certain situation, whilst six sigma is about identifying the defects and doing away with them. Thus, the lean and Six Sigma can be applied in this case to develop a plan that can reduce or eliminate some of the causes of the problems witnessed in the case study. Reorganization of the Service Team Department First, the company will have to adopt lean management in the area of the service team. As indicated using the Pareto diagram that customer care relations are frosty at Latino Engineering, the company would have to quickly convene a meeting where the management would have to make a few and quick changes in the service team (Sokovi?, Jovanovi?, Krivokapi?, Vujovi?, 2009, P.40). The case study has indicated that the service team is not responsive and generally customers are not pleased with the way they are treated. Therefore, through the lean management, the company should sack the service team head, for failing to coordinate activities properly in his department. Also, some individuals in the service team should be investigated on their dealings with the customers and those who slept on their job should be sacked so that serious and professional people can take over the vacant positions. Management Change Using the Six Sigma methodology, the company defines some of the defects reported in the equipment used by the companys employees. The defects should be properly defined, measured and analyzed and according to TQM Six Sigma, every employee has a role to promote quality and service delivery at the company. As a result, engineers who used faulty engineering equipment should be held to account as to why such equipment was used. Those who would be found directly to have sanctioned the use of such equipment would have to resign so that the company hires competent mechanical engineers. Additionally, the company will have to get rid of all faulty engineering equipment, and purchase new ones and if the supplier is the one delivering faulty equipment the company should get another supplier. However, changing the supplier, sacking some mechanical engineers and making some changes in the top management should be a long-term change. Communication Plan Apart from improving service delivery and quality, the company would also have to hire PR services to sanitize its already tainted image. PR shall help the company develop a strategy that would redeem the image of Latino Engineering. First and foremost, the company can display a poster at its location apologizing to its customers for any inconvenience caused to them and inform them that they are working towards improving and customer satisfaction. Follow-Up and Evaluation The new leadership at Latino Engineering would have to monitor the service team and evaluate weekly their operations. The control stage is important in undertaking any project and therefore the companys management would now have to get up increase monitoring and performance evaluation. Also, the management would directly have to inspect the engineering equipment, so as to avoid the use defective ones. Continuous Improvement (CI) Plan The CI plan for Latino Engineering is developed through the DMAIC methodology. DMAIC methodology is an improvement process in the Six Sigma and it is an acronym for define, measure, analyze, improve and controls. Define- defining is about improving project goals with a focus on the needs and wants of customers. The Investment Group will have to continue defining their improvement goals, to see how they can meet the needs and wants of customers. In essence, for the company to run profitably it will have to define its improvement goals and stick to them. Measure- the company would have to continue to measure its current processes and identify some metrics. Measuring the current process and establishing metrics would help the company monitor its activities so that it can remain on course as it seeks to meet its achievement goals. Analyze- the company would continue to analyze its current process to establish the problems as well as the causes (Lewis, 2016, P.67). Definitely, after establishing what the problems and causes are, then the Latino engineering would have to work towards getting solutions. Improving- When analyzing, problems and their causes shall be established and therefore improving stage, would give the company an opportunity to get solutions to the problems. On the improving stage, the Investigate group can revisit its implementation plan to guide it on some of the actions they can take to solve the problem (Burke, 2013, p.56). Control- on this phase, the company would have to control the standardization of its processes and monitor all its processes so that all employees do what is right. Control rests solely on the management, and thus the companys management will have to use the Pareto Diagram or the cause-effect diagram to analyze the progress or some problem in the company for action to be taken to correct the situation (Chadha, 2017, p.567). In conclusion, the case study of Latino Engineering is a project that is almost failing but it can still be corrected. On the root causes, the management also is to be blamed for failing to carry out its roles of monitoring and standardizing processes and that is why there are cases of faulty engineering equipment and almost a dysfunctional service team. However, following the lean management and Six Sigma to implement change, can assist the company solve some of its problems. Besides, the company should use DMAIC methodology as its CI plan, because it helps the company define measure, analyze, improve and control its processes and get solutions to its problems (Arvanitoyannis, Savelides, 2007, p.56). References Kerzner, H., 2017. Project Management Methodologies. Project Management Case Studies, pp.1-27. Project Management Methodologies- PPMP20009. (n.d) [online] Available at: https://file:///C:/Users/ben/Downloads/LectureWeek7v2.pdf [Accessed 2 Oct. 2017]. Chadha, R., 2017. Value Through Continuous Improvement. FAIMA Business Management Journal, 5(1), p.40. Arnheiter, E.D. and Maleyeff, J., 2005. The integration of lean management and Six Sigma. The TQM magazine, 17(1), pp.5-18. Salah, S., Rahim, A. and Carretero, J.A., 2010. The integration of Six Sigma and lean management. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 1(3), pp.249-274. Sokovi?, M., Jovanovi?, J., Krivokapi?, Z. and Vujovi?, A., 2009. Basic quality tools in continuous improvement process. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 55(5), pp.1-9. Magar, V.M. and Shinde, V.B., 2014. Application of 7 Quality Control (7 QC) Tools for Continuous Improvement of Manufacturing Processes. International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science, 2(4), pp.364-371. Arvanitoyannis, I.S. and Savelides, S.C., 2007. Application of failure mode and effect analysis and cause and effect analysis and Pareto diagram in conjunction with HACCP to a chocolate?producing industry: a case study of tentative GMO detection at pilot plant scale. International journal of food science technology, 42(11), pp.1265-1289. Antony, J., Singh Bhuller, A., Kumar, M., Mendibil, K. and Montgomery, D.C., 2012. Application of Six Sigma DMAIC methodology in a transactional environment. International Journal of Quality Reliability Management, 29(1), pp.31-53. Lewis, W.E., 2016. Software testing and continuous quality improvement. CRC press. Molena, A. and Rovai, R.L., 2016. Reference model for improved communicability in projects: Survey among members of the PMI, So Paulo Chapter. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 9(3), pp.682-706. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014. Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Sallis, E., 2014. Total quality management in education. Routledge. Burke, R., 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques. New Jersey, USA. Oakland, J.S., 2014. Total quality management and operational excellence: text with cases. Routledge. Limwichitr, S., Broady-Preston, J. and Ellis, D., 2015. A discussion of problems in implementing organisational cultural change: Developing a learning organisation in University Libraries. Library Review, 64(6/7), pp.480-488.

The Thirty-Nine Steps Essay Example

The Thirty-Nine Steps Paper How does John Buchan create suspense in the book The Thirty-Nine Steps? The Thirty Nine Steps by John Buchan is about a man who has to escape London to find the real criminals behind a political assassination. The author throughout the story uses many techniques to create suspense through using the main character Richard Hannay. In the first chapter sets the scene by giving some background history of Hannays life before he gets a visit for Scudder. Buchan in the first few pages of the book is already creating the feeling of suspense when Hannay and Scudder meet outside Hannays flat. The line, Is the door locked? He asked feverishly. This gives me the image that Scudder is really nervous. I feel this creates the impression that something quite serious is going on and that the rest of the story is also going to be exciting. Buchan ends the chapter quite suddenly by finishing with, My guest was lying sprawled on his back. There was a long knife through his heart which skewered him to the floor I feel this ending made it very clear that the man who had confided in Hannay had been killed and left me wondering what was going to happen next in the story. We will write a custom essay sample on The Thirty-Nine Steps specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Thirty-Nine Steps specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Thirty-Nine Steps specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The second chapter deals more with the thoughts of Hannay, who is devising a plan to try and leave London. He does this by stealing the uniform of a milkman. Hannay way gives exact details of timing, six thirty passed, then six forty and At one minute after the quarter to seven. I feel that the exact details of timing keeps the reader involved in the story as it creates a much stronger feeling of suspense and what will happen next. As Hannay sets out to travel to Scotland his decides he must disguise his voice so that he wont be caught out, in my broadest Scots. I feel this continues the deception of Hannay trying to hide from the Police and it also adds to the suspense that he may be caught out at any time and wont be able to stop the political assassination that is about to happen. As Hannay is in a manhunt in Scotland is becoming scared, Crouching low in the tunnels of the bog, I ran till the sweat blinded my eyes. This shows that Hannay is now becoming scared and he could be found at any time. Throughout the story Hannay fools the people he meets and causes suspense because I wonder if the people will believe his story. I pitched him a lovely yarn Hannay had been told lies by Scudder when been told about his situation. The little man told me a pack of lies I feel this created suspense because Hannay is now lost and if it wasnt for Scudders notebook he would have to give himself in. After Hannay is nearly caught by a policeman, I felt that he had no longer any who could help him, it was as if it was him against everyone. my friends at the inn had come to the understanding, and we were united in desiring to see more of me. Then follows an action packed section of the story. The plane that found him before finds Hannay and then he crashes the car and his nearly killed. This gave great suspense as I was faced with the idea that he might be killed at any time, and he would not be able to stop the political assassination that was about to happen. When Hannay spots his enemies in the hills of Scotland he begins to think clearly. He thinks of the time he changed roles with the milkman when he was trying to leave London and thinks he must do the same now. He spots a road worker and swaps role with him. Ill take on your job for a bit and see the surveyor. Here Hannay who was seconds away from death he still managed to think clearly which created suspense. Hannay is starting to struggle with hiding from his pursuers. My lack of local knowledge might very well be my undoing. By showing that Hannay was struggling, I feel that Buchan is building the reader for an exciting ending, which then creates suspense. After Hannay has found safety in the house of an old man he realises that he has made a big mistake. After being locked in a room that hid him from the men who where chasing him, he found himself held at gunpoint. I turned, and saw two men-servants who had me covered with pistols. I think this action packed section of the story has made the story far more exciting as I wondered if Hannay would be killed or would he escape and tell of the political assassination that is about to happen. Hannay realised that he had to get away. I was doing an experiment as simple as Gut Fawkes fireworks. His small knowledge of explosives might just let him escape. In this part of the story great suspense was created here. I wondered would Hannay blow himself up or manage to escape. After managing to escape he headed for a hideout. I feel at this stage in the story that Hannay might actually get free. The final section of the story is action packed when he finds out where he will be able to meet the enemy and find out their plans for the political assassination. Thirty-nine steps-I counted them-High tide, 10. 17pm. I was now very much interested as Buchan as built the story about this section. I also became interested in the story as I thought to myself Hannay might now save the day. As Hannay begins to figure out what the thirty-nine steps are, I become more positive that he would save the day. I felt that there was a lot of suspense here so Buchan could give the ending a maximum impact. When Hannay burst in on the group of criminals he thought he had made a terrible mistake but he noticed that he had seen on of the men from when he was held at gunpoint. I had stood before him in the moor land farm, with pistols of his servants behind me. Everything had now fallen in to place and I knew Hannay would catch the group of criminals. Hannay and his troops chased them and caught them. I feel that John Buchan has succeeded in creating suspense through use of the main character Richard Hannay. Which I thought made the story action packed and interesting.

Analysis of soviet agents plotting to ruin unity essays

Analysis of soviet agents plotting to ruin unity essays Analysis of Soviet Agents Plotting to Ruin Unity, Defenses of Americas In June of 1950, Will Lissner wrote an informative article on the Soviets plan to break the American defenses via Central America, more specifically Guatemala. Lissners article presents these Soviet diplomats as having a foot in the door in Americas homeland, in the inevitable war. The war this refers to is the one the Soviets were patiently awaiting to wage with America and its Allies. Lissner starts immediately creating a dark cloud regarding the Soviet regime. He states that they are ...penetrating into American defenses in the strategic Panama Canal region, and shattering continental unity. The reason for this is that the Soviets will have broken our lines before they were formed in the inevitable war that they talk about. He talks about the Soviets starting Communist rallies, depicting them as hostile, devious, and conniving people who have but one thing in mind, which is turning these people against their country. This piece is only the first of six dispatches on Soviet penetration, simply showing that the Communist party in this Central American ally of ours is not only a wrong-doing political party, but in fact is an extension of the Soviet Government itself, having intensions of reaching into a countrys political system and gaining power. Lissner wants to show that should the Soviets, through their Communist party, gain political influence in a Republic in Central America, what could/ would they do with it? Lastly, I would like to note that this article appears on the front page of the New York Times, the most widely circulated paper in the U.S. This six part series will demonstrate the possible dangers to a Republic, where a Communist party is allowed to exist. Surely any American who reads this article may be tempted to make the connection that a Commun...

History of Olmec Art and Sculpture

History of Olmec Art and Sculpture The Olmec culture was the first great Mesoamerican civilization, developing along Mexicos Gulf coast from about 1200-400 B.C. before going into a mysterious decline. The Olmec were very talented artists and sculptors who are today best remembered for their monumental stonework and cave paintings. Although relatively few pieces of Olmec art survive today, they are quite striking and show that artistically speaking, the Olmec were far ahead of their time. The massive colossal heads found at four Olmec sites are a good example. Most surviving Olmec art seems to have had a religious or political significance, i.e. the pieces show gods or rulers. The Olmec Civilization The Olmec were the first great Mesoamerican civilization. The city of San Lorenzo (its original name has been lost to time) flourished around 1200-900 B.C. and was the first major city in ancient Mexico. The Olmecs were great traders, warriors, and artists, and they developed writing systems and calendars which were perfected by later cultures. Other Mesoamerican cultures, such as the Aztecs and Maya, borrowed heavily from the Olmecs. Because the Olmec society went into decline two thousand years before the first Europeans arrived in the region, much of their culture has been lost. Nevertheless, diligent anthropologists and archaeologists continue to make great strides in understanding this lost culture. The surviving artwork is one of the best tools they have for doing so. Olmec Art The Olmec were gifted artists who produced stone carvings, woodcarvings and cave paintings. They made carvings of all sizes, from tiny celts and figurines to massive stone heads. The stonework is made of many different types of stone, including basalt and jadeite. Only a handful of Olmec woodcarvings remain, busts excavated from a bog at the El Manatà ­ archaeological site. The cave paintings are found mostly in mountains in the present-day Mexican state of Guerrero. The Olmec Colossal Heads The most striking pieces of surviving Olmec art are without a doubt the colossal heads. These heads, carved from basalt boulders mined many miles away from where they were eventually carved, depict enormous male heads wearing a sort of helmet or headdress. The largest head was found at the La Cobata archaeological site and is nearly ten feet tall and weighs about 40 tons. Even the smallest of the colossal heads is still over four feet high. In all, seventeen Olmec colossal heads have been discovered at four different archaeological sites: 10 of them are at San Lorenzo. They are thought to depict individual kings or rulers. Olmec Thrones Olmec sculptors also made many enormous thrones, great squarish blocks of basalt with detailed carvings on the sides thought to have been used as platforms or thrones by the nobility or priests. One of the thrones depicts two pudgy dwarves holding up a flat tabletop while others show scenes of humans carrying were-jaguar infants. The purpose of the thrones was discovered when a cave painting of an Olmec ruler seated on one was discovered. Statues and Stelae Olmec artists sometimes made statues or stelae. One famous set of statues was discovered at the El Azuzul site near San Lorenzo. It consists of three pieces: two identical twins facing a jaguar. This scene is often interpreted as depicting a Mesoamerican myth of some sort: heroic twins play an important role in the Popol Vuh, the sacred book of the Maya. The Olmecs created several statues: another significant one found near the summit of the San Martà ­n Pajapan Volcano. The Olmecs created relatively few stelae - tall standing stones with inscribed or carved surfaces - but some significant examples have been found at the La Venta and Tres Zapotes sites. Celts, Figurines and Masks All in all, some 250 examples of monumental Olmec art such as colossal heads and statues are known. There are countless smaller pieces, however, including figurines, small statues, celts (small pieces with designs roughly shaped like an ax head), masks and ornaments. One famous smaller statue is the wrestler, a lifelike depiction of a cross-legged man with his arms in the air. Another smaller statue of great importance is Las Limas Monument 1, which depicts a seated youth holding a were-jaguar baby. Symbols of four Olmec gods are inscribed on his legs and shoulders, making it a very valuable artifact indeed. The Olmec were avid mask makers, producing life-sized masks, possibly worn during ceremonies, and smaller masks used as adornments. Olmec Cave Painting To the west of the traditional Olmec lands, in the mountains of the present-day Mexican State of Guerrero, two caves containing several paintings attributed to the Olmec have been discovered. The Olmec associated caves with the Earth Dragon, one of their gods, and it is likely that the caves were sacred places. Juxtlahuaca Cave contains a depiction of a feathered serpent and a pouncing jaguar, but the best painting is a colorful Olmec ruler standing next to a smaller, kneeling figure. The ruler holds a wavy-shaped object in one hand (a serpent?) and a three-pronged device in the other, possibly a weapon. The ruler is clearly bearded, a rarity in Olmec art. The paintings in Oxtotitln Cave feature a man with a detailed headdress styled after an owl, a crocodile monster and an Olmec man standing behind a jaguar. Although Olmec-style cave paintings have been discovered in other caves in the region, the ones at Oxtotitln and Juxtlahuaca are the most important. Importance of Olmec Art As artists, the Olmec were centuries ahead of their time. Many modern Mexican artists find inspiration in their Olmec heritage. Olmec art has many modern fans: replica colossal heads can be found around the world (one is at the University of Texas, Austin). You can even buy a small replica colossal head for your home, or a quality printed photograph of some of the more famous statues. As the first great Mesoamerican civilization, the Olmec were extremely influential. Late-era Olmec reliefs look like Mayan art to the untrained eye, and other cultures such as the Toltecs borrowed stylistically from them. Sources Coe, Michael D., and Rex Koontz. Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs. 6th Edition. New York: Thames and Hudson, 2008Diehl, Richard A. The Olmecs: Americas First Civilization. London: Thames and Hudson, 2004.

Occupational Safety Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Occupational Safety - Assignment Example The biggest problem here is that the diseases do not develop immediately but appear after a few years of exposure. The impact of pollution at workplace on productivity has been well investigated. Studies on the impact of pollution at work environment in productivity reveal a tendency of reduction in the economic activity (Marrewijk, 2005). "Sick building Syndrome" (SBS) and 'Building related illness' (BRI) gives rise to employee complaints such as headaches, dizziness, disorientation, fatigue, ear, eye and throat irritations. The world demand for high-speed ferries and LNG tanks is being met with an increase in Aluminium welding and casting production. This has introduced a new health hazard to the Aluminium welders and ways are being probed to protect the welders against the Aluminium fumes. In the U.K, the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) regulations stipulates that the occupational expose limit for Aluminium fume should not exceed 5mgm exp 3 of air. Aluminium fumes during welding also generate quantities of ozone gas, which can cause nausea (Rabin, 1997) and unconsciousness. Welding is a process in which metal or other thermoplastic materials are joined together by the application of heat or pore sure or both. Electric welding was introduced in 1940s. Aluminium welding has been in prominence since 1970. There are several types of welding like Arc welding and Manual metal arc is a common process where the workers are exposed to the fumes. Carbon arc, Cold welding, Electron beam welding, Flux core arc welding, Gas welding, Gas metal arc welding, Gas tungsten arc welding, Shielded metal arc welding, Plasma arc welding, Laser beam welding are the other welding processes where workers are exposed to metal fumes. The welding workers have a high exposure of metal fumes and the exposure depends on place, confined space, workshop or open air. The metal fumes depend on not only the Aluminium but also the process involved, which may produce gases like acetylene, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, ozone, phosgene and tungsten. The metal fumes primarily enter the human system by inhalation route namely Respiration.. The deposition of these inhaled metallic particles is influenced by its physical and chemical properties and a variety of host factors. In the lungs, these particles produce a variety of reactions depending on the concentration, duration of the exposure of the particles, and degree of exposure. All Metallic particles greater than 10 are deposited on the Mucous membrane in the nose and pharynx. Particles between 3m and 10 m are deposited throughout the trachea of the lungs. Particles less than 3m are deposited in the alveoli and cause serious hazards. These particles have a fair chance of being carried into the blood stream and cause Hepatotoxicity

Comparison of Models Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparison of Models Paper - Essay Example According to researchers, a psychological model like etiology is becoming common regardless of the fact that it increases mental complications among individuals. As such, a need arises to provide superior health care and preventive services like psychological therapies to ensure the development a healthy nation (Harvi, 2005). The complications of the model demand effective adherence to nursing care policies and adoption of relevant precautionary measures. Medical practitioners asserts that clear methods of ensuring absolute eradication of the disorder among individuals is based on integration of quality medical systems that ensure provision of the psychological therapies. Therefore, Individuals should be acquainted with the causes of the complication and its mitigation measures to avert losses. The biological model highlights mental disorders that influence an individual’s response behavior and perception on diverse issues. The model affects the brain capacity by destroying vital cells just like psychosocial model; however, the effects differ. This means that psychological complications affect an individual’s etiological system and conceptualization while biological model delimits the response capacity. According to researchers, the complications of biological model pose severe response challenges to individuals; thus, hampering their cognitive thinking. Response to diverse elements in the society is critical in ensuring rational execution of activities. Harvi (2005) who is a renowned researcher and health expert gives credible information on the effects of the psychological model disorders since it leads mental complications. The disorders influence an individual’s ability to perform exemplarily since it destroys mental cells that help in conceptualization. He asserts that mitigation measures should be adopted since the prevalence of the disorder is increasing. This

The Extent to Which Developmental Psychology Has Been Able to Contribute to Improving Children’s Lives Essay Example for Free

The Extent to Which Developmental Psychology Has Been Able to Contribute to Improving Children’s Lives Essay This essay will explore how developmental psychology has improved the lives of children diagnosed with specific learning difficulties (SpLD). It will explore how these improvements have been made from diagnosis to assessments, consequences to intervention. Dyslexia refers to a specific difficulty in learning to read and write. However this is not the only difficulty that children with dyslexia experience and there are variations of their symptoms. These problems appear to stem from fundamental difficulties in the rapid processing and sequencing of phonological information in short term memory. These children also have difficulties with associations with letters and their sounds. Learning their left from right also is difficult. In the 1970s-80s it was thought Dyslexia was a label given to rich parents underachieving children as an excuse for their poor performance. Contempory definitions of dyslexia combine a discrepancy approach with definition indicators. The discrepancy approach is key in how educational psychologists identify dyslexia. Dyspraxia is used to describe the symptoms of people who experience problems in oorganising their movements and may have problems with thought, perception and language. Dyspraxia is also known as developmental co-ordination disorder (DCD). Dyspraxia can make written work for children in school very difficult as it has a huge impact on the visual field with writing. Alongside this the mental affects a child may experience in school from being bullied for their condition may then effect their performance in the classroom. Due to late start in researching of DCD, intervention is not often attempted until a child reaches school age. Cormorbidity, where two disorders or illnesses occur in the same peron simultaneously or sequentially, often happens with dyslexia or dyspraxia. Kaplan (2001) found that children with reading difficulties were 51. 6% more likely to have another developmental difficulty. If all these conditions have a common cause then cormorbidity would not be present. Kaplin (2001) states that a combintation of learning difficulties may be a result of atypical brain development (ABD). It is possible that two people with the same atypical brain development may present with differing symptoms as a result of the influence of environmental factors. As a result it is difficult to identify a single biological cause for SpLD. Developmental psychologists have been able to identify a range of factors that appear to contribute to the causes of SpLDs. Heritability may be another factor which influences the presentation of SpLDs. Dyslexia and dyspraxia both appear to have a familial form where parents and siblings also present with these conditions. The extent of heritability has been highlighted through the use of twin studies; both monozygotic and dizygotic. Stevenson (1999) found that heritability was between 46 and 74 per cent chance, which highlights there is some influence from environment as well as genetic factors. Further research has highlighted how some genes on the chromosome are associated with phonological processing and other genes on other chromosomes are associated with reading. Assessments are a key way developmental psychologists are able to further understand children with SpLD, and can then identify and conclude the severity of the SpLD. It is through assessment that developmental psychologists can start to do the most help with improving childrens lives. By assessing them for their SpLD the psychologist can start to make way for the child to gain extra support in school and at home. Assessments for dyslexia such as those which use the discrepancy model assume that it is valid, which is not necessarily the case as there is evidence that children with very different IQ scores can achieve similar reading scores. The assessment is only a snap shot of how the child performed at that time on that particular day. Developmental psychologists have put forward a new method of assessment which would highlight the childs severe and persistent problems when learning to read and write. Such an assessment would assist the child in finding coping stratergies and different ways of learning in order for them to excel as well as a child without such a form of SpLD, it can also speed up intervention, which could allow the child to be assisted earlier on in their school career. When assessing dyspraxia psychologists it can be difficult to identify as the signs of dyspraxia overlap with other SpLD’s. Dyspraxia is often assessed and treated by medical personnel rather than psychologists as with dyslexia, despite signs and causes impacting similarly on the child education and learning abilities. It is usually due to the social impact which dyspraxia has on the child which dyslexia does not which requires medical attention. A large number of professionals are involved in aiding children with dyspraxia including educational psychologists who assess the motor and perceptual development skills such as sequencing and organisation. A DVMI or movement ABC test will be used in order to identify pecific motor skills. The consequences of living with a SpLD for a child can range from social exclusion to self esteem issues. Riddick (1996) found that children with SpLDs often experienced social exclusion; they felt excluded from activities because of their difficulties with reading and writing. Riddick also found that children who were had dyslexia were more likely to befriend other dyslexics which can aid social inclusion. Qualitative and quantitative studies have suggested that people with SpLDs experience emotional and educational consequences. Many children with a SpLD experience soxial exclusion, the self exteem of children with SpLDs is low especially with respect to academic self concept. Children with SpLDs are over represented in statistics on children with depression although the degree of prevelance is not clear. Many children with SpLDs experience reduced academic motivation. Developmental psychologists design and evaluate interventions which can aim to improve the behavioural symptoms of SpLDs. Although intervention often occurs after identification, early intervention in the case of children ‘at risk’ of SpLD is the best approach. School based interventions that aim to improve literacy attainment suggests that intervention needs to be highly personalised and structured if it is to be affective. In order to maximise the long term impact of intervention it is suggested that programmes also need to be intensive and preventative. Given the cost of implications of personalised tuition in the classroom psychologists are evaluating the potential of computers to act as teaching assistants to support children with learning difficulties.

Who Am I? Essay example -- Writing Education Essays

Who Am I? Today as I look back at the first paper that I wrote for this class, I see that it is not the type of paper that I usually write. It is not full of big, sophisticated words. Rather it is a paper that does what it is supposed to, explain in simple english my thoughts on the subject. Those thoughts are that today most college kids are whiners and students go to college because it is the norm. I also gave a couple of abstracts to these. I never really took a stand as to which of those pertained to me. But I think that they all do in a sense. In a way I am irresponsible. I leave stuff to the last minute, I cram, and I get a attitude and just say screw it. As for the metaphor part of the first paper, I do feel that I am a parent and the university is my child. This interpretation is sort of like a cartogram. A cartogram is a map that is distorted to a relationship between two distinctive regions. The regions in this case is the university and myself. This is distorted because the universi ty is much larger than me, and it takes care of me. The second metaphor that I pondered is a little more down to Earth. The university is our god, and if we do not give, we shalt not receive. All of these lead into who I am. In essence I am a hippocrate. I condemn the students who procrastinate, while I am one of the worst at procrastinating. Take this paper for example. I am sitting at my roommates computer, it's eight o'clock Tuesday night, and I'm drinking a whiskey-coke. I already mentioned the child/parent thing. The god part of it is the same, though. I feel I am a god. I can so all of this and still get the grades. At least that the way it seems to be. In actuality I tried it, and it didn't work. The person who wrote the paper is no... ...y writing, I do not see myself. I see someone that's pleasing the audience with what he writes, but not pleasing himself. I am not happy writing stuff that is drab and has to sense of commitment. But that is what has always been a requirement. I like writing this kind of paper better. A paper that I can write with some sort of enthusiasm, eventhough I am better at writing the other kind. Writing this way just makes me feel better. I don't know, call me kooky. In the first paper I wrote with a very prominent mask. But as the papers progressed, I think that I might have been starting to shed that mask a little. Maybe it was the different style of writing. Maybe it was just me. Maybe it was due to the E-mail discussion, where got to people with out even talking to them directly. I don't know. The experience has been really productive. I just hope I can keep it up.

Wii Case

Problem Statement: Sales of the Nintendo Wii have been much higher than initially forecast. As the 2007 holiday season approaches, Nintendo does not have enough capacity to meet demand. The shortage will negatively impact profit and potentially cause lost market share. The immediate issue is adjusting the marketing strategy to handle the product shortage and minimize the negative market effect. Situation Analysis: BACKGROUND: Nintendo was initially founded in 1889 as a card company. The Company moved into the electronic entertainment industry in late 1970. Nintendo went on to release its own home console in the 1980’s which was an instant success, subsequently dominating the video games market in home video games consoles and handheld consoles. In recent years, Nintendo has met fierce competition from Sony and Microsoft. This competition resulted in Nintendo’s market share dropping from 80% in 1992 to a low of 16% in 2003. Nintendo realized that markets, competition, and product life cycles were changing at a fast pace, and most of the profits were going to the innovators. In order to win back market share, Nintendo has developed an innovative new game console named the Wii. OBJECTIVE: The current objective for Nintendo is to effectively develop a marketing strategy to manage product sales through the 2007 holiday season. The long term objective for Nintendo is to maintain its market leader status, communicate customer’s needs in an effective way and fulfill customer’s expectations. S. W. O. T. ANALYSIS: Strengths: Offer differentiated products from its competitors; †¢In 2006, Nintendo won more awards than other company, including â€Å"Best of Show† award, and â€Å"Best Hardware† award; †¢More competitively priced ($249) than its competitors while still earning a profit ($50) as the Wii console is inexpensive to produce; †¢Brand name recognition (short, simple, easy to read and remember, internationally understood, and suggestive of product benefits—â€Å"ii† images gathering people to play); à ¢â‚¬ ¢Strong support from game evelopers to shift more resources to the development of Wii title; †¢Constant media coverage from newspaper headlines drew attention to the Wii console; Weaknesses: †¢Nintendo lost significant market share after it reached its peak of success; †¢Inability to keep up supplies with international market demand; †¢Does not provide extreme high definition and DVD/Blue-ray capability; †¢Negative media-individuals had injuries due to the controllers slipping out of users hands; Opportunities: A recent movement in society towards healthier lifestyles. Wii meets the demand by incorporating physical movements when playing the game; †¢There are only two competitors which directly compete against each other with graphics, leaving room for Nintendo uses a different selling feature; †¢Potential market for video game consoles for non-traditional age groups (casual gamers and non-gamers) over age of 35; Threats: Consumers might turn to competitor’s product to satisfy their wants due to the Wii shortage problem; †¢Sony and Microsoft may offer more attractive deals to fight back for market shares; †¢Substitution is a significant threat and can occur within the existing competitors. Conclusion Nintendo offers an innovative product that offers good value to consumers. The threats from competitive brands are high. However, Nintendo is offering a unique product which is in high consumer demand.

Personal Values And Ethics Of An Italian Essay

Values are defined as â€Å"the deepest beliefs and we sentiments we subscribe to†. Every person has values that they put into practice in their lives whether they realize this or not in other words we all apply values in our day-to-day lives both consciously and unconsciously. An individuals’ set of personal values guides him or her on how to live his or her life. Once these values have been implemented, they enable the implementer to achieve great things in life that they would otherwise not have been able to accomplish. Once an individual has implemented his or her personal values in his or her life, these values then energizes the individual and enables him or her to tackle issues that were previously seen as impossible in other words personal values allow an individual achieve what they dream of. Once a person has identified the values that are important to them they go further and develop strategies to be used in implementation of these values. Upon implementation, these values are said to be able to work wonders in a person’s life in that the person now has a direction in life that guides them in making decisions that are in line with their overall aim. When one identifies a mission philosophy or belief that is meaningful to them in their lives, then that becomes their value. There many categories of values whereby they are ranked as either commonplace or those that is special and psychological. An individual day-to-day life including relations with others and how they approach their work is determined by their personal values. These values are the ones that determine the success of an individual in whether action they dedicate themselves to. Once they are applied it becomes very easy for the person to excel in the workplace and personal life. They are said to have the ability to multiply the impact of an action and in turn the consequences of the act. Italians are very religious people and the biggest percentages of them are Catholics. They follow the tenets of the Catholic Church very strictly. They are very emphatic on the importance of the family and especially the mothers. They come together as families as often as possible and even conduct their businesses as a family. The men are always seen as the bread winners in the house and the women are to take care of the family in all ways. Being brought up in such a setting has shaped my values in to confirming with a lot of the traditional that I found when I was born and grew up in. In 1884, the Italian Republic made an agreement with the Vatican regarding religious education in schools. There was then a provision made that ensured that there would be religious teachings offered in all schools that are below the university level (http://www. beginningwithi. com). Since Italy is a catholic state, it therefore means that these teachings are mostly catholic in nature. This therefore ensures that all Italians who are born and bred in Italy have an option of getting religious teachings in school. It was however noted that not everyone is a catholic or even a Christian. This then led to need to make these teachings optional to those who wanted to learn. Those whose parents did not want them to learn had an option of refusing to allow their children not to learn. Since my family was and still is a very strict catholic follower, I never had the option to even refuse to attend these lessons. In fact this was seen as an added advantage since I would be able to learn more about Jesus Christ and the Virgin Mary alongside the various teachings found in the bible. This would in the long run make me a better Christian and it actually did. Having grown up in a catholic family and also an extended one made my personal values to develop in a way that enables me cope with then. My personal values include success commitment fairness faith family feeling hard work and tolerance. The church I have grown up in has taught me to have faith in what I do and in god and hop that all will end well. This has sustained me all through my life especially at times when I feel emotional and psychologically unstable. At these moments I prefer to go to church and say prayers to calm me down. It has also taught me to be committed and this is what has enabled me to hold one position for 15 years in the same store. In Italian culture, one tends to live with the extended family and this is expected of all people. It is customary for the grandparents to care for their grandchildren which they d thus one has to cope with having a house full of relatives and this makes one tolerant. This has gone a long way in enabling me work with other employees without losing my temper. In under standing their weaknesses I am able to correct them without causing the formation of negative altitude towards me and weakness I am able to correct them without causing the formation of negative altitudes towards the job and me. When correcting their mistakes, I do so just as I would if it were my family member and this makes them feel appreciated and thus workers are motivated. I am currently studying for my B. S in criminal justice. The desire to study this course was prompted by my belief in fairness. I have a very strong conviction that everybody of what his or her previous life has been like. As a Christian I believe that any person can change given the chance. It is also true that there are quite a number of people who are wrongfully accused and convicted and it is necessary to correct such wrongs. By learning the different theories propounded in the course study. I can be able to use them in my workplace and in my day-to-day life to blame where it his not due I avoid unnecessary confrontations with other people. In my 15 years of working at the Vons Grocery store, I have met a number of personalities made a positive impact in my life. Michelle Valverda and Shielha Mosley. These people have taught me how to deal with other employees in order to maximize their output. They have taught me the value of success. It has been clarified in my mind what success really means and not just in monetary terms but also in emotional, psychological and physical well-being. These two people have reminded me the importance of leading a round life without neglecting any part of my life since all are important and are required in measuring the success of an individual. When I joined college to study for the criminal justice course, I met other people who added to my list of personal values. One of them is Ian Barrimond who is a fellow student. He has strengthened my value of tolerance because he is becoming more enjoyable when I do not keep getting angry with people for minor mistakes. Furthermore Ian is really committed to his studies and thus has introduced a new value to my life that is commitments. Apart from attending college he has a very demanding job that does not leave him with much time for himself yet he still manages to find time to dedicate his studies. My teacher is also a major influence to my list of values since he is always insisting on the necessary of hard work. Steven Fraitas insists that only by hard work can one be able to achieve what they want from life. The other major influences in my life are my parents who have always insisted on the family unity. They have never allowed my siblings and I to be on bad terms with each other for long and they have always ensured that any problem that crops up among us is quickly resolved before it goes too far. Also they have used the many family gatherings that we hold to invite all of us including the members of the extended family to make sure that we all remain close. None of us feels like a stranger or outsider because we have never been allowed to have time to drift apart to a point of becoming strangers to each other emotionally. This has made me become even more committed to my own family in the hope that it will be as unified as the family that I grew up in. I work hard so as to provide for my family and make sure that they live as comfortably as I can make them. This is encompassed in the value of family feeling. In Italian culture, one tends to live with their parents long after they have reached the age of maturity (Giannotti E. & Rocchi R. 2004). It has been argued by some people that this makes them vulnerable to emotional and mental instability. I beg to differ with this conclusion because instead of destabilizing me this has made me a stronger person in aspects in life. There is an assumption that we should all be married at a certain age but by waiting until the right moment allows one to be able to choose the right partner in life. This is important because in the catholic church one is not allowed to divorce and thus it is necessary to choose someone who one will be able to stay with for the rest of their lives. I am among those people who lived with their parents long after the time that is set as standard for people to move out of their parent’s house. I can testify to the benefits that I reaped from this. Since almost all my brothers and sisters were also living with my parents, we were able to develop our relationship into our adulthood. Not only have we remained close with my brothers and sisters but also with my parents. Since I did not start my family until I was old enough to appreciate what I needed in a spouse, I am then able to treat my spouse the way it has always been in the Italian culture. I was also able to learn a lot from my parents on how to live in peace and harmony in the same house with your spouse.

Case Study Of John Wayne Gacy English Literature Essay Essays

Case Study Of John Wayne Gacy English Literature Essay Essays Case Study Of John Wayne Gacy English Literature Essay Paper Case Study Of John Wayne Gacy English Literature Essay Paper John Wayne Gacy, a consecutive slayer who was born in Chicago, Illinois, was the lone boy in John Samuel Gacy s household of three kids. He grew up in a household where they had an fond female parent but a cruel male parent, an alcoholic, who used to train Johnny, as his female parent called him, utilizing a belt. The male parent used to be both physically and verbally opprobrious to the full household ; he would name Gary a mamma s male child and a pantywaist. Gary faced some excess difficult childhood jobs, including being molested by a household friend at merely nine and being struck by a swing right on his brow when he was eleven. The consequence was a caput injury that became root to a blood coagulum that was foremost noticed five old ages subsequently ; that is when he started enduring from black outs ( Sullivan A ; Maiken 2000 ) . The chesty male parent neer truly took the blackouts earnestly and thought that John was feigning in an attempt to get down deriving understandin g from his household, particularly his male parent. However, Gacy was given medical attending and a few prescriptions to fade out the coagulum were made. His jobs neer ended at that place ; he attended four different high schools, dropped out of every individual one of them and, at the terminal, neer graduated. After a wrangle with his male parent when he was 20 old ages old, toilet decided to travel to Las Vegas, Nevada, where he got a occupation as a mortuary attender for about three months. He so returned to Chicago, where, without holding to travel back to high school to seek graduation, he registered at the Northwestern Business College and graduated at that place. After his graduation, he managed to procure a direction trainee place at a shoe company and made some major springs in life after that, including acquiring promoted as a salesman in Springfield, Illinois, in 1964 and acquiring married to Marlynn Myers the same twelvemonth ( Kozenczak A ; Henrikson 2003 ) . About a t welvemonth missive, he was promoted into a director and improved his activities in Springfield s societal organisations. He joined the Jaycees and in 1965, he became the Springfield frailty president of the Jaycees. Gacy was appointed as the director of his father-in-law s three eating houses and moved to Iowa with his household in 1967, after which he had a boy and a girl ( Linedecker 1986 ) . Gacy s perverted life started to acquire deeply defined when he got fellated by a adult male who was his co-worker in the Waterloo Jaycees when he was rummy. Outline of Crimes Gacy s perverted side worsened in Waterloo when he started unnatural sexual activities including erotica, married woman swapping and harlotry every bit good as homosexualism. He besides abused drugs. Teenage males at work started being sexually abused by Gacy ; he constructed a cellar at one of the eating houses where he opened a saloon. Here, he used to take teenage male employees and forced them to execute unwritten sex on him. He besides claimed to execute scientific research when he paid the adolescents fifty dollars each to hold sex with each other ; he called them homosexual experiments. Thingss got a small midst for Gacy in 1968 when two teenage male childs claimed holding being sexually assaulted by him ; he got off with it when there was no grounds found. The same twelvemonth, a young person confessed against Gacy ; he had hired him to molest one of the two male childs, seeking to intimidate them. This clip, he got 10 old ages in gaol after acquiring convicted of buggery and on the same twenty-four hours, his married woman filed for divorce he neer saw his kids once more and his male parent died while he was in prison, after which he had a reasonably difficult clip seeking to procure a compassionate leave to travel and bury his male parent ; he neer succeeded. In 1971, Gacy was accused once more by a immature male child who claimed to hold been sexually assaulted by him but the instance got dismissed since the immature male child neer showed up in tribunal. In 1972, another accusal for Gacy came up when he was arrested and accused of buffeting a immature adult male. The adult male was claimed to hold been battered when Gacy flashed a Sherriff s badge, portraying a constabulary officer and enticing him into his auto. He allegedly forced him to suck him but the instance was dismissed after claims of the adult male seeking to blackjack Gacy for money were raised. Gacy continued to perpetrate more offenses after 1972 including slaying many people, most of them immature male childs and work forces, perpetrating colzas on teenage male childs and other major offenses. Between 1972 and 1978, Gacy had raped and killed 30 three teenage male childs. Theories First, Gacy s mental position can non be said to hold been normal, particularly after what had happened to him when he was immature. He grew up in a household where the male parent was a sociopath ; he insulted and tortured Gacy every bit good as the remainder of the household, doing Gacy non appreciate the positivism of life at the clip when he was meant to turn in it. Alternatively, he grew up comprehending life reasonably negatively, doing other people s lives as difficult, if non harder than his because he likely grew to believe that they played a portion or were someway responsible for the wretchednesss he faced. The rage that he got when he got hit by a swing, acquiring molested by the household friend and the reverberations non being appreciated by some of the most important people in his life, including his male parent besides played portion in the actions he perpetuated. He likely enjoyed making it because he believed that he was taking retaliation against the universe that treated him so severely ( Herrmann 1986 ) . As he grew up through his teenage, he was besides acquiring affected by the black outs that resulted from the swing hit ; there is a possibility that he was holding encephalon harm that denied him a opportunity to ground right or interact socially with people in the right manner, doing him a societal misfit. The consequence of all these factors could merely hold been a negative attitude and attack, non merely to life itself but to everything else that it had to offer including the people, the environment and the chances that he so severely misused. This can be seen from the manner he perceived life as shown in most of his buffoonish pictures, one of them being where he depicts himself as Pogo the Clown . The negativeness was farther provoked by the sentences that he got after the legion offenses that he committed ; he most likely took them, non as a manner to assist him alter his behaviour, but as a manner to penalize him and do his life much more suffering, so he took retaliation through penalizing the ineffectual teenage male childs. Second, insanity was another claim ; Gacy s defence argued that he acted non in his normal capacity as a human being but he was insane ( Ressler A ; Schactman 1992 ) . On the informant base, attesting for Gacy, his female parent tried to explicate how difficult Gacy s life had been, mentioning as an illustration how his male parent had abused him on several occasions when he was immature. He was, hence, arguably supposed to be considered to hold been insane when he committed the actions that he did ( Darvick 2010 ) . They mentioned him as a of course pretty superb adult male who had been abused and was hence non able to command his actions because he was insane. Thomas Eliseo, a psychologist who was said to hold interviewed Gacy before he had been taken to tribunal described him as been a really intelligent adult male who, most unluckily, suffered an damage called boundary line schizophrenic disorder. A few other medical practicians gave the same sort of testimony, adding that Gacy was enduring from multiple personality upsets including antisocial personality upset ( Time-Life Books 1992 ) . Gacy was, hence, argued as being incapable of non merely being cognizant of perpetrating a offense but besides being incapable of understanding the committed offenses magnitude. Harmonizing to Edmund Kemper, every human being experiences fury and inappropriate sexual desires but all human existences have been given a natural capableness and duty to be the one in control of those feelings ; we can all maintain those monsters enclosed within us through ego control. But one thing that is non possible to understand about consecutive slayers is what they miss in their emotions ; is it the natural taming, the societal orientation or morality. It is, nevertheless, believed that, irrespective of whether these virtuousnesss exist or non, the forces that exist within consecutive slayers can be overcome by other forces that exist within the same being ; if non, how did that being acquire to bring forth the impulses to kill, colza or destroy while he or she bears intelligence and mind that animate beings do non. In a nutshell, slaying, colza and other offenses that are committed by consecutive slayers can non be blamed on the unstable mental or psychological wellness of the consecutive slayer ; possibly they can for another sort of a slayer. Gacy had gone to imprison several times before 1972 and had even become a leader of other inmates, but when he got his freedom, he committed even worse offenses. The inquiry, hence, might lie between the environment into which he got freed or the one in which he got jailed and if so, why does it matter. It might be entirely because he had been in complete capablenesss to take control of his impulses to kill and ravish but non the desire, he merely neer was willing to. Psychopathy as a Personality Disorder Gacy has besides been believed t0o have been affected by, among many other personality upsets, mental illness. Psychological ratings run on Gacy in several interviews showed that he really had a mental upset. This mental upset has been described as mental illness by some research workers ; Gacy was non mentally ill but he had a mental job that caused him to act in unnatural ways, commit offenses such as colza and slaying while to the full cognizant of the effects and non look to worry. He neer seemed to care about what the effects were traveling to be. Psychopathy is non precisely related to being psychotic. The chief difference is that a psychotic individual in usually partly or to the full withdrawn from world ; such people as known to see hallucinations and psychotic beliefs and are, hence, said to be wholly incognizant of the things they do. John Wayne Gacy was none of these. A sociopath, on the other manus, is said to be wholly moving in his full senses ( Cahill 1986 ) . Sociopa ths are rational in their actions and there are to the full informed of the picks they make. The actions that they take are premeditated and they make certain that they serve their effectual agencies to the terminal. A sociopath is said to be a societal predator who are socially appealing to the people around them ; they are pitiless in pull stringsing and killing their victims while they are to the full cognizant of what actions the society is traveling to take against him, yet it does non count to them. Gacy was precisely this sort of individual. However, mental illness is sometimes brought about by the challenging or painful events that occur in person s life-time ( Peck A ; Dolch 2001 ) . The sort of life that Gacy, his societal capablenesss to act upon and his intelligence degree could likely warrant his being could be some major factors that contributed to his being a sociopath. However, his actions could neer be justified ; no account on the planet could perchance assist him and his people win the instance they defended him against and that is why he got convicted.

Definition and Examples of Text Linguistics

Definition and Examples of Text Linguistics Text linguistics is a branch of linguistics concerned with the description and analysis of extended texts (either spoken or written) in communicative contexts. Sometimes spelled as one word, textlinguistics (after the German Textlinguistik). In some ways, notes David Crystal, text linguistics overlaps considerably with . . . discourse analysis and some linguists see very little difference between them (Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 2008). Examples and Observations In recent years, the study of texts has become a defining feature of a branch of linguistics referred to (especially in Europe) as textlinguistics, and text here has central theoretical status. Texts are seen as language units which have a definable communicative function, characterized by such principles as cohesion, coherence and informativeness, which can be used to provide a formal definition of what constitutes their textuality or texture. On the basis of these principles, texts are classified into text types, or genres, such as road signs, news reports, poems, conversations, etc. . . . Some linguists make a distinction between the notions of text, viewed as a physical product, and discourse, viewed as a dynamic process of expression and interpretation, whose function and mode of operation can be investigated using psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic, as well as linguistic, techniques.(David Crystal, Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 6th ed. Blackwell, 2008) Seven Principles of Textuality [The] seven principles of textuality: cohesion, coherence, intentionality, acceptability, informativity, situationality, and intertextuality, demonstrate how richly every text is connected to your knowledge of world and society, even a telephone directory. Since the appearance of the Introduction to Text Linguistics [by Robert de Beaugrande and Wolfgang Dressler] in 1981, which used these principles as its framework, we need to emphasize that they designate the major modes of connectedness and not (as some studies assumed) the linguistic features of text-artifacts nor the borderline between texts versus non-texts (c.f. II.106ff, 110). The principles apply wherever an artifact is textualized, even if someone judges the results incoherent, unintentional, unacceptable, and so on. Such judgments indicate that the text is not appropriate (suitable to the occasion), or efficient (easy to handle), or effective (helpful for the goal) (I.21); but it is still a text. Usually, disturbances or i rregularities are discounted or at worst construed as signals of spontaneity, stress, overload, ignorance, and so on, and not as a loss or a denial of textuality.(Robert De Beaugrande, Getting Started. New Foundations for a Science of Text and Discourse: Cognition, Communication, and the Freedom of Access to Knowledge and Society. Ablex, 1997) Definitions of Text Crucial to the establishment of any functional variety is the definition of text and the criteria that have been used to delimit one functional variety from another. Some text-linguists (Swales 1990; Bhatia 1993; Biber 1995) do not specifically define text/a text but their criteria for text analysis imply that they are following a formal/structural approach, namely, that a text is a unit larger than a sentence (clause), in fact it is a combination of a number of sentences (clauses) or a number of elements of structure, each made of one or more sentences (clauses). In such cases, the criteria for distinguishing between two texts are the presence and/or absence of elements of structure or types of sentences, clauses, words, and even morphemes such as -ed, -ing, -en in the two texts. Whether texts are analyzed in terms of some elements of structure or a number of sentences (clauses) that can then be broken down into smaller units, a top-down analysis, or in terms of smaller units such a s morphemes and words that can be put together to build the larger unit of text, a bottom-up analysis, we are still dealing with a formal/structural theory and approach to text analysis. (Mohsen Ghadessy, Textual Features and Contextual Factors for Register Identification. Text and Context in Functional Linguistics, ed. by Mohsen Ghadessy. John Benjamins, 1999) Discourse Grammar An area of investigation within text linguistics, discourse grammar involves the analysis and presentation of grammatical regularities that overlap sentences in texts. In contrast to the pragmatically oriented direction of text linguistics, discourse grammar departs from a grammatical concept of text that is analogous to sentence. The object of investigation is primarily the phenomenon of cohesion, thus the syntactic-morphological connecting of texts by textphoric, recurrence, and connective. (Hadumod Bussmann, Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. Translated and edited by Gregory P. Trauth and Kerstin Kazzazi. Routledge, 1996)

Managing Information Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing Information - Essay Example Leibold et al. (2002) assert that during last three decades the world has gone through the important turning period in its economic, political and social history, which is related to the increasing appreciation of new values, such as openness, freedom, interdependency, networking and collaboration. It is accompanied by the acceleration of technological changes and impetuous development of computer and electronic communications. In the organisational context these processes entailed significant shifts in strategic management thinking and implementations: from information to knowledge and wisdom; from bureaucracies to networks; from training / development to learning; from local / national to transnational / global and meta-national; from competitive to collaborative thinking; from single and multi-connective relationships to bio-corporate relationships (Leibold et al. 2002: p.14). All these changes clearly reveal that the current era of the global economy is primarily based on knowled ge and intellectual assets rather than on material and financial assets. This era is often called New Economy or Knowledge Economy (Drucker 1994; Davenport & Prusak 1998), where knowledge is considered as a key organisational asset, which ensures sustainable competitive advantages for companies (Alavi & Leidner 2001). Companies in its turn also represent a new form of organisations, which exploit specific organisational structures and new information technologies, and base their business upon a development of core competencies through knowledge and expertise sharing and organisational learning. This paper is aimed to discuss modern concepts and approaches related to management of knowledge in organisations, and critically assess the role of Knowledge Management in creation of sustainable competitive advantages of enterprises. 3.0 Key Findings 3.1 Supporting Knowledge Management Understanding Knowledge in Organisations Knowledge in organisations is considered as â€Å"any text, fact , example, event, rule, hypothesis, or model that increases understanding or performance in a domain or discipline† (Liebowitz & Beckman 1998: p.49). Another useful definition of knowledge is â€Å"a fluid mix of framed experience, values, contextual information, and expert insights that provides a framework for evaluating and incorporating new experiences and information. In organisations, it often becomes embedded not only in documents and repositories but also in organizational routines, processes, practices, and norms† (Davenport & Prusak 1998: p.5). Allee (1997: p.62) explains that when information is involved in the larger context of meaning, when it is analysed and linked with other information, when it is referred to existing patterns, social and cultural biases and interpretations – then it becomes knowledge. So, evidently, knowledge can be organised and classified, having the properties of an object. At the same time, â€Å"knowledge can be viewed as a process of transformation through creation, adaptation, enhancement and application† (Allee 1997: p. 47). Or, in other words, â€Å"knowledge is the process of knowing, a reflexive process that takes data and information, in a social context, mixes the ingredients and factors [experience, judgment, common sense, rules of thumb, values and beliefs, basic truths, context, best practices, emotions, desires] to generate new data, information, and/or knowledge†